In the summer +40°C, in the winter -20°: in the Turkmen desert of Karagum, a fibre optic network has been set up in which industrial Ethernet components from MICROSENS have been used. This example shows that industrial Ethernet is far more than just a factory hall network technology. Ethernet, the only global standard protocol, is being used in an increasing number of application areas.
在夏季+40°C，冬季-20°C的卡拉库沙漠里的土库曼，光纤网已开通，这样MICROSENS的工业以太网产品也在这一地区被使用。这个例子表明，工业以太网远不止是办公自动化。以太网作为全球唯一标准的协议，正在逐渐被运用到越来越多的领域。

Industrial Ethernet is not just a buzzword but rather a term for the use of Ethernet components with high reliability in tough conditions. Classical field-bus systems have long been on the way out. On one hand, the Ethernet solutions can be realised considerably more efficiently, and on the other, the merging with corporate networks that use Ethernet anyway is being pushed.
工业以太网不只是一个口号，而是在恶劣的环境下以太网组件高可靠性的代名词。传统现场总线系统早已过时。一方面，以太网解决方案的实现更为高效。在另一方面，MICROSENS正在推进与其他使用以太网的企业网络的合并。

Furthermore, industrial Ethernet is the only global communication standard for the management and control of production processes. Existing proprietary standards tended to serve as protection for manufacturers of communication equipment and to tie the user to the respective company. Among others, this is also a reason why many efforts to establish a uniform industry standard have not been successful. only Ethernet facilitates the combination of components from different manufacturers.
此外，工业以太网是管理和控制生产流程的全球唯一通讯标准。现有的专有标准往往倾向于保护通信设备制造商，并把用户绑定到所属公司。另外，这也是下面问题的合理解释，即人们为建立一个统一的行业标准付出了艰辛劳动，可最终一无所获。只有以太网便于来自不同厂家的产品的组合。


Standardised components

Industrial Ethernet incorporates switches, hubs and media converters that are characterised by a special design. Attachment to 35 mm DIN top-hat rails, a power supply with 24 V direct current, an enhanced temperature range for operations and an increased protection class against dust or splash-water are typical of these appliances.
标准化组成元件

   工业以太网的集成交换机、集线器和媒体转换器都是特别设计的。35 mm DIN 顶帽子铁，24 V直流电源，较大的作业温差，增强防尘或防溅水之类的设备都是它里面的典型应用。

Furthermore, some components have special provisions for failure safety. In addition to the connection of redundant power supplies, special power supplies support fault-tolerant ring topologies, meaning that a disruption can be restricted to a maximum of one switch. If a connection line fails, the network can even continue to work entirely on its own. To facilitate rapid reaction times, fault recognition is usually carried out by newly developed mechanisms. Irrespective of this, the user can still resort to standards such as Rapid Spanning Tree.
此外，有些组成元件有专门的针对安全问题的特殊设备。除了连接冗余电源外，还可以连接支持容错环状拓扑的特殊电源，即可中断其中任何一个交换机。如果一条连接线失败，整个网络依然可以继续工作。为了方便快速识别错误，故障识别通常采用新机制。除这些外，用户还可以采取其他途径，如快速生成树。

Fibre optic outdoes copper

In the area of industrial networking, an intelligent combination of copper and fibre optic segments has prevailed on the market. On one hand, classical copper cables are used for the cost-effective connection of terminals such as machine controls, industry PCs, signalisation or monitoring systems to the network. On the other hand, fibre optics have established themselves for the connection between the switches, thanks to their favourable transmission features.
光缆超过铜缆

   在工业网络领域，铜缆和光缆的智能结合在市场上已很普遍。一方面，人们使用传统铜缆是基于连接终端诸如机器控制，工控机，信号发送或监测系统等和网络的连接成本考虑的。另一方面，由于光纤良好的传输特性，这样交换机之间的连接更迅速。


When Fast Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet is used, the same transmission speeds are realised on copper and fibre optic cables. However, the advantages of fibre optic lie in its insensitivity to electro-magnetic disruptive influences, in the greater transmission distances that can be realised and the simple handling for installation and routing.
当采用快速以太网或千兆以太网时，铜缆和光缆具有相同的传输速度。然而，光纤的优势在于它不受电磁干扰的影响，可进行更长距离的传输以及它简易的安装和路由。


As an established manufacturer of fibre optic technologies, MICROSENS has offered corresponding solutions for the realisation of industrial Ethernet structures for years. With its own patent, an alternative standard protocol was offered for the first time. MICROSENS is also the first supplier of Gigabit Ethernet solutions for industrial Ethernet.
作为光纤技术建立者之一， MICROSENS多年来一直在为实现工业以太网组建提供了相应的解决方案。MICROSENS首次提出了一个供选择的标准协议，并拥有自己的专利。 MICROSENS也是第一个千兆位工业以太网解决方案供应商。
Going the distance

Currently, a remote monitoring system has been realised for the gas pipeline in Turkmenistan in Central Asia, and the data transmission is done via industrial Ethernet with MICROSENS components. Even if a remote monitoring system is not a typical industrial application, the advantages of industrial Ethernet in particular still come to bear. The enhanced temperature range for operations, robustness, failure safety and the available fibre optic solutions are features that are urgently required here.
发展空间

   目前，在中亚的土库曼斯坦，远程监控系统已运用到输气管监控上，数据是由MICROSENS的产品组成的工业以太网传输的。虽然远程监控系统不是工业以太网的一个典型工业应用，但它的优势性将逐渐显现出来。诸如耐寒耐热性，坚固性，安全性和一些可用到的光纤解决方案等特点在这里迫切需要。

The young republic of Turkmenistan is now one of the top five countries in the world for mineral oil and natural gas, after Russia, USA and Canada. The extensive storage and extraction sites in Turkmenistan spread from the north-west of the republic to the coast of the Caspian Sea. Above all, the export hit, natural gas, is a main source of foreign currency income that is required for independence from the former Soviet Union.
年轻的土库曼斯共和国目前是世界上矿物油和天然气拥有量最多的五大国之一，仅次于俄罗斯，美国和加拿大。广泛的存储地和提取地点遍及土库曼斯坦共和国西北的里海海岸。总之，天然气出口的突破是该国脱离苏联必需的外币收入的主要来源。

Consequently, the government has initialised many international projects for the construction of oil and gas pipelines. These pipelines now extend through Iran into Turkey, and also through Afghanistan to Pakistan and further to China and Japan. As early as 1994, the government signed international agreements for the construction of a gas pipeline through Iran and Turkey to Europe.
因此，政府已启动了许多建设石油和天然气管道的国际工程。这些管道现在可通过伊朗进入土耳其，通过阿富汗到达巴基斯坦，将来也会进入中国和日本。早在1994年，该国政府就为建设通过伊朗和土耳其进入欧洲的天然气管道签订了国际协定。

[Fig.]
Refinery in the desert of Turkmenistan. The components need to be robust and secure against failure for use there.
图
在土库曼沙漠中的炼油厂。 要应对在这里使用的安全问题，组成元件必须是坚固而且安全的。
Extreme temperatures

In addition to the repair of damaged fibre optic lines, tasks included the installation of a new remote transmission system. In the process, transmission distances from the gas fields of Turkmenistan to neighbouring Iran were achieved. The toughest conditions were in crossing the 400,000 km2 of the Karagum desert that account for around 90 percent of the entire area of Turkmenistan. This consists both of sand and boulder desert landscapes and has a continental climate everywhere, i.e. temperatures of +40°C to -20°C. With high midday temperatures and a cloudless sky, ground temperatures can even reach +70°C. Furthermore, desert storms frequently occur, due to the extreme heat.
极限温度

   除了修复受损的光纤线路外，任务还包括安装一个新的远程传输系统。通过该过程，可以得到从土库曼斯坦的气田到邻国伊朗的传输距离。其中艰苦的是穿过占该国百分之九十（约400000平方公里）的卡拉库姆沙漠。其中包括沙和大石沙漠地带，并且具有大陆性气候，即温度在+40 ℃至-20 ℃之间 。在正午和晴空，地面温度甚至可以达到+70 ℃ 。此外，由于极度高温，沙漠风暴发生频繁。

With the remote transmission system, a total of eight pipeline sub-stations with distances of up to 100 km can be served and monitored. The remote transmission system is based on Fast Ethernet industrial switches for the development of fault-tolerant fibre optic rings. The ring topology means that any failures can be absorbed and a network reconfiguration done in less than 100 ms, thus ensuring constant availability of all network participants.
远程传输系统一共有距离可达100公里八个管道分站，可以用于服务和监管。远程传输系统是基于快速以太网工业交换机为发展容错光纤环而设计的。环状拓扑意味着可以处理任何故障，并在少于100ms内进行网络重新配置，从而确保所有上网的人不断网。

The setting up of the fibre optic network was carried out under high strain and partial desert conditions. Nevertheless, it was possible to equip the gas extraction sites with high-availability connections for the remote control and monitoring of extraction systems.
光纤网络是在高应变和局部沙漠条件下建立的。然而，它可在瓦斯抽放地配置具有高可用性连接的遥控系统和天然气抽取监测系统。


Outlook

In order to be able to implement applications like these in an even more flexible manner in the future, increasing use is being made of modular fibre optic connections in the form of SFP (Small Form-factor Pluggable) ports. Switches thus acquire a particular flexibility.
展望

   为了能在将来更加灵活的使用此类应用，更多使用SFP（小型可插拔）端口模式的光纤连接。这样交换机需有更好的扩展性。


10 Port Gigabit Ethernet ring switch with SFP
带有SFP的10千兆以太网环状交换机
Some manufacturers offer both the Gigabit Ethernet standard (1000base-X) as well as Fast Ethernet (100base FX) for SFP slots. This means that, in addition to the media copper and fibre optic, different transmission speeds can be freely combined with one another at the same time. With the selection of pluggable SFP modules, care needs to be taken that these are also designed for the operating conditions of industrial networks.
一些厂商提供适合SFP插槽的千兆位以太网（100 base FX）和快速以太网（100 base FX）。这意味着，除了媒体铜和光纤，不同的数据传输速度可以在同一时间自由结合。除选择可插拔的SFP模块，还需注意这些也是为工业网络的操作条件特别设计。


In addition, a current topic is the implementation of Power-over-Ethernet pursuant to IEEE 802.3af. This standard offers the norm-compliant power supply of terminals such as VoIP telephones, wireless access points or IP cameras via the data connection. Firstly, the installation effort is considerably minimised, as no separate lines for the power supply need to be installed. Secondly, redundant design or protection via UPS is substantially simplified.
此外，当前流行的是根据IEEE 802.3af，来实现以太网供电。这个标准提供了规范兼容电源终端如VoIP电话，无线接入点或IP相机通过数据连接。首先，它很容易安装，因为供电设施不需安装单独线路。其次，多余设计或via UPS保护大大简化。

This example from practical experience shows that industrial Ethernet is in the process of taking over all other areas of application, beyond traditional industrial applications. Not for nothing is Ethernet the standard protocol for office, industrial and home networks.
从实际经验来看，这个例子说明工业以太网在其他领域应用的过程中，超越了传统工业应用。以太网标准不仅仅是办公室，工业和家庭网络的标准协议。


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